BIO FPX 1000 Assessment 3 Urinary Lab BIO FPX 1000 Human Biology Urinary Analysis: Importance and Clinical Implications

The assessment of urine, referred to as urinalysis, is a vital diagnostic procedure for evaluating the health of the urinary tract, stomach, kidneys, and any complications arising from conditions such as hypertension or diabetes (Mayo Clinic, 2019). This article will elaborate on the objectives and significance of urinary analysis, emphasizing the consequences of overlooking this critical examination. It will also examine various types of diabetes and their management strategies. Furthermore, the article will investigate the causes and implications of detecting blood in urine.

Purpose and Importance of Urinary Analysis

Urinalysis, a thorough evaluation of urine, is a fundamental component of routine medical assessments aimed at health evaluation and disease detection (Mayo Clinic, 2021). This analysis is particularly important when patients exhibit symptoms such as painful urination, hematuria, diabetes, kidney dysfunction, liver issues, or other urinary problems, including those related to pregnancy tests. A urinalysis assists in determining the origins of specific symptoms and identifying associated diseases.

Urinalysis can be performed using three approaches: a physical examination that evaluates color, volume, and density; a chemical examination that identifies various components; and a microscopic examination that detects microorganisms, cells, and crystals in urine (Milani & Jialal, 2021). The samples obtained from urinalysis can reveal over 220 diseases, underscoring its importance in disease identification, including diabetes, hypertension, renal issues, or heart failure.

Diabetes and its Types

Diabetes, a chronic health condition that significantly affects patients’ lives, is characterized by insulin dysfunction that impacts insulin utilization or production (World Health Organization, 2022). This condition can lead to severe complications such as renal failure, heart attacks, strokes, blindness, and lower limb amputations (World Health Organization, 2022). The two primary types of diabetes are type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) (Saeedi et al., 2019). Type 1 diabetes arises from the failure of insulin-producing cells, while type 2 diabetes is linked to ineffective insulin utilization, often worsened by obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.

Management of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes, a lifelong condition, requires effective management through medication and self-care strategies. Type 1 diabetes is managed with insulin or gene therapy, including beta cell replacement therapy. Type 2 diabetes can be effectively managed by achieving optimal body weight, controlling blood pressure, engaging in regular physical activity, and following a healthy diet, along with the use of insulin medications (Tan et al., 2019).

BIO FPX 1000 Assessment 3 Urinary Lab

Reasons for Blood in Urine

The presence of blood in urine may result from the weakening of kidney blood vessels due to hyperglycemia. Chronic conditions, dysfunction, and failure of essential organs such as the kidneys, eyes, nerves, heart, and blood vessels can occur due to hyperglycemia (Abebe et al., 2019). Traces of blood cells in urine may indicate other causes, such as kidney disease, ureteral issues, or prostate disease, which can lead to vision loss, cardiovascular complications, or limb ulcers (Abebe et al., 2019; American Diabetes Association, 2021).

Patient Results

Anna, a 62-year-old patient from Houston, visited the outpatient department of the kidney center with complaints of high blood pressure and kidney pain. Her medical history indicated an 18-year history of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Further evaluation included an ultrasound of the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder, along with a complete urinalysis.

The reports indicated that the bladder walls appeared normal, with pre- and post-void volumes of 684 and 152 ml, respectively. The left kidney showed a cortical thickness of 2.0 cm and a size of 10.2 cm, with a simple cyst measuring 1.2 cm in the lower pole. While simple kidney cysts may not require immediate intervention, they can potentially lead to kidney dysfunction if untreated, resulting in hypertension or renal failure.

Urinalysis Result

Patient name: Anne Hathway

Elevated levels of Urobilinogen and Creatinine indicate an increased risk of liver and kidney failure.

References

Abebe,